recognition: implies that the thing now perceived has been previously perceived and that the mind is aware of the fact that the two things are the same thing or identical: encouraged by the patient's ~ of his mother.       如最近的人脸识别face recognition，如she hoped she would avoid recognition by wearing dark glasses and a hat她戴上墨镜和帽子, 希望人们认不出她来      （perceive感知to notice and understand(to become aware)，如she was able to perceive things with her fingers她可以用手指感知事物，如I perceived a change in her attitude感到她态度有变化，the sound was barely perceptible声音几乎感觉不到。既可以表示一般感知，也可以表示洞察即敏锐深入感知with penetration, insight，都有使知道to know的含义，又如perceived the rock to be made of granite注意到(感知)岩石是花岗岩，was able to perceive the danger of their situation能感到境遇危险）


identification: adds to recognition the implication of such prior knowledge as permits one to recognize the thing as an individual member of a class: bird calls aid in the ~ of species.     如科学的定义是science is the observation, identification, description,experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of phenomena科学是对现象的观察、鉴定(别)、描述、实验性调查、和理论性解释。可以记成是"针对现象的5个tion"，非常经典，请背诵。


assimilation: implies that the mind responds to new ideas, facts, and experiences by interpreting them in the light of what is already known, thereby making them an integral part of one's body of knowledge: proceeded rapidly with the ~ of new material.   （in light of考虑到、根据按照=to think about，如you should think about his advice in light of your own needs考虑到你自身需求，你应该想想他的建议；如it's an important topic in light of recent events考虑到最近事态，这个话题很重要。in light of考虑到某事，进而有根据按照的意思）          assimilate一般仅表示吸收，因此前半句未译出


apperception: implies that the mind responds to new facts, ideas, or situations when and only when it can relate them to what is already known: limited by my ~ of the reality.   (心理 旧)感知，欣赏，如an immediate apperception of a unity lying beyond立即感知到高级的统一


recognition识别: 指新感知的事物此前已被感知过，并且思维能够意识到二者是同一事物，identification鉴定鉴别: 在recognition识别的基础上能够classification分类，assimilation吸收: 将新感知事物吸收为自身知识体系一部分，apperception统觉感知: 指吸收并感知


记忆方法: 1）首字母RIAA重组成aria咏叹调<==认知          （aria咏叹调a long, accompanied song for a solo voice, typically one in an opera or oratorio戏剧或清唱剧中的单人演唱，有伴奏，时间长，如the audience applauded after the soprano sang the aria so beautifully女高音将咏叹调唱得十分优美, 观众爆发出热烈的掌声）

         2）认知的意思是一种认知方式，将新感知事物和已有知识进行联系mean a form of cognition that relates a perception of something new to knowledge already acquired.     （cognition认知the process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses是通过思考体验感觉，来获取知识和理解的过程，including the activities of sensing, thinking, understanding, learning, and remembering感觉思考理解学习记忆，如cognitive development/psychology/impairment认知发展/心理学/障碍，来自词根GNI/O，表示to know知道，如agnostic不可知论者cognitive认知的prognosis疾病的预后incognito隐匿身份隐姓埋名，如本组第一个词recognize有识别认出、认可承认2个意思）